How thermal management systems have evolved in cars

With increasing levels of electrification and autonomy in cars, thermal management systems are transitioning from reactive to proactive capabilities, deploying artificial intelligence that serves as the brain overseeing the thermal requirements of multiple components and passengers.

Over the last four to five decades, the evolution of automotive thermal management in cars can be seen as a long journey from simple engine cooling to a sophisticated energy management strategy. As vehicles transition from internal combustion engines (ICEs) to electric vehicles, the thermal system has shifted from being a secondary support unit to the heart of vehicle efficiency and driving range.